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1.
N Engl J Med ; 390(5): 397-408, 2024 Feb 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38294972

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Butantan-Dengue Vaccine (Butantan-DV) is an investigational, single-dose, live, attenuated, tetravalent vaccine against dengue disease, but data on its overall efficacy are needed. METHODS: In an ongoing phase 3, double-blind trial in Brazil, we randomly assigned participants to receive Butantan-DV or placebo, with stratification according to age (2 to 6 years, 7 to 17 years, and 18 to 59 years); 5 years of follow-up is planned. The objectives of the trial were to evaluate overall vaccine efficacy against symptomatic, virologically confirmed dengue of any serotype occurring more than 28 days after vaccination (the primary efficacy end point), regardless of serostatus at baseline, and to describe safety up to day 21 (the primary safety end point). Here, vaccine efficacy was assessed on the basis of 2 years of follow-up for each participant, and safety as solicited vaccine-related adverse events reported up to day 21 after injection. Key secondary objectives were to assess vaccine efficacy among participants according to dengue serostatus at baseline and according to the dengue viral serotype; efficacy according to age was also assessed. RESULTS: Over a 3-year enrollment period, 16,235 participants received either Butantan-DV (10,259 participants) or placebo (5976 participants). The overall 2-year vaccine efficacy was 79.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 70.0 to 86.3) - 73.6% (95% CI, 57.6 to 83.7) among participants with no evidence of previous dengue exposure and 89.2% (95% CI, 77.6 to 95.6) among those with a history of exposure. Vaccine efficacy was 80.1% (95% CI, 66.0 to 88.4) among participants 2 to 6 years of age, 77.8% (95% CI, 55.6 to 89.6) among those 7 to 17 years of age, and 90.0% (95% CI, 68.2 to 97.5) among those 18 to 59 years of age. Efficacy against DENV-1 was 89.5% (95% CI, 78.7 to 95.0) and against DENV-2 was 69.6% (95% CI, 50.8 to 81.5). DENV-3 and DENV-4 were not detected during the follow-up period. Solicited systemic vaccine- or placebo-related adverse events within 21 days after injection were more common with Butantan-DV than with placebo (58.3% of participants, vs. 45.6%). CONCLUSIONS: A single dose of Butantan-DV prevented symptomatic DENV-1 and DENV-2, regardless of dengue serostatus at baseline, through 2 years of follow-up. (Funded by Instituto Butantan and others; DEN-03-IB ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02406729, and WHO ICTRP number, U1111-1168-8679.).


Subject(s)
Dengue Vaccines , Dengue Virus , Dengue , Vaccines, Attenuated , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Antibodies, Viral , Dengue/prevention & control , Dengue Vaccines/adverse effects , Dengue Vaccines/therapeutic use , Dengue Virus/immunology , Double-Blind Method , Vaccination , Vaccines , Vaccines, Attenuated/adverse effects , Vaccines, Attenuated/therapeutic use , Brazil , Vaccine Efficacy , Adolescent , Young Adult , Middle Aged , Follow-Up Studies
5.
Front Immunol ; 8: 1127, 2017.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28959260

ABSTRACT

Leishmania parasites infect macrophages, causing a wide spectrum of human diseases, from cutaneous to visceral forms. In search of novel therapeutic targets, we performed comprehensive in vitro and ex vivo mapping of the signaling pathways upstream and downstream of antioxidant transcription factor [nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)] in cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), by combining functional assays in human and murine macrophages with a systems biology analysis of in situ (skin biopsies) CL patient samples. First, we show the PKR pathway controls the expression and activation of Nrf2 in Leishmania amazonensis infection in vitro. Nrf2 activation also required PI3K/Akt signaling and autophagy mechanisms. Nrf2- or PKR/Akt-deficient macrophages exhibited increased levels of ROS/RNS and reduced expression of Sod1 Nrf2-dependent gene and reduced parasite load. L. amazonensis counteracted the Nrf2 inhibitor Keap1 through the upregulation of p62 via PKR. This Nrf2/Keap1 observation was confirmed in situ in skin biopsies from Leishmania-infected patients. Next, we explored the ex vivo transcriptome in CL patients, as compared to healthy controls. We found the antioxidant response element/Nrf2 signaling pathway was significantly upregulated in CL, including downstream target p62. In silico enrichment analysis confirmed upstream signaling by interferon and PI3K/Akt, and validated our in vitro findings. Our integrated in vitro, ex vivo, and in silico approach establish Nrf2 as a central player in human cutaneous leishmaniasis and reveal Nrf2/PKR crosstalk and PI3K/Akt pathways as potential therapeutic targets.

6.
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz ; 112(1): 53-63, 2017 Jan 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28076469

ABSTRACT

Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) diagnosis is still a challenge in endemic areas with limited diagnostic resources. This study proposes a score with the potential to distinguish positive CVL cases from negative ones. We studied 265 dogs that tested positive for CVL on ELISA and parasitological tests. A score ranging between 0 and 19 was recorded on the basis of clinical signs. Dogs with CVL had an overall higher positivity of the majority of clinical signs than did dogs without CVL or with ehrlichiosis. Clinical signs such as enlarged lymph nodes (83.93%), muzzle/ear lesions (55.36%), nutritional status (51.79%), bristle condition (57.14%), pale mucosal colour (48.21%), onychogryphosis (58.93%), skin lesion (39.28%), bleeding (12.50%), muzzle depigmentation (41.07%), alopecia (39.29%), blepharitis (21.43%), and keratoconjunctivitis (42.86%) were more frequent in dogs with CVL than in dogs with ehrlichiosis or without CVL. Moreover, the clinical score increased according to the positivity of all diagnostic tests (ELISA, p < 0.001; parasite culture, p = 0.0021; and smear, p = 0.0003). Onychogryphosis (long nails) [odds ratio (OR): 3.529; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.832-6.796; p < 0.001], muzzle depigmentation (OR: 4.651; 95% CI: 2.218-9.750; p < 0.001), and keratoconjunctivitis (OR: 5.400; 95% CI: 2.549-11.441; p < 0.001) were highly associated with CVL. Interestingly, a score cut-off value ≥ 6 had an area under the curve of 0.717 (p < 0.0001), sensitivity of 60.71%, and specificity of 73.64% for CVL diagnosis. The clinical sign-based score for CVL diagnosis suggested herein can help veterinarians reliably identify dogs with CVL in endemic areas with limited diagnostic resources.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Protozoan/blood , Dog Diseases/diagnosis , Leishmania infantum/immunology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/veterinary , Animals , Brazil/epidemiology , Dog Diseases/epidemiology , Dogs , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary , Female , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/diagnosis , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/epidemiology , Male , Sensitivity and Specificity
7.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 112(1): 53-63, Jan. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-841749

ABSTRACT

Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) diagnosis is still a challenge in endemic areas with limited diagnostic resources. This study proposes a score with the potential to distinguish positive CVL cases from negative ones. We studied 265 dogs that tested positive for CVL on ELISA and parasitological tests. A score ranging between 0 and 19 was recorded on the basis of clinical signs. Dogs with CVL had an overall higher positivity of the majority of clinical signs than did dogs without CVL or with ehrlichiosis. Clinical signs such as enlarged lymph nodes (83.93%), muzzle/ear lesions (55.36%), nutritional status (51.79%), bristle condition (57.14%), pale mucosal colour (48.21%), onychogryphosis (58.93%), skin lesion (39.28%), bleeding (12.50%), muzzle depigmentation (41.07%), alopecia (39.29%), blepharitis (21.43%), and keratoconjunctivitis (42.86%) were more frequent in dogs with CVL than in dogs with ehrlichiosis or without CVL. Moreover, the clinical score increased according to the positivity of all diagnostic tests (ELISA, p < 0.001; parasite culture, p = 0.0021; and smear, p = 0.0003). Onychogryphosis (long nails) [odds ratio (OR): 3.529; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.832-6.796; p < 0.001], muzzle depigmentation (OR: 4.651; 95% CI: 2.218-9.750; p < 0.001), and keratoconjunctivitis (OR: 5.400; 95% CI: 2.549-11.441; p < 0.001) were highly associated with CVL. Interestingly, a score cut-off value ≥ 6 had an area under the curve of 0.717 (p < 0.0001), sensitivity of 60.71%, and specificity of 73.64% for CVL diagnosis. The clinical sign-based score for CVL diagnosis suggested herein can help veterinarians reliably identify dogs with CVL in endemic areas with limited diagnostic resources.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Dogs , Leishmania infantum/immunology , Dog Diseases/diagnosis , Dog Diseases/epidemiology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/diagnosis , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/veterinary , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/epidemiology , Antigens, Protozoan/blood , Brazil/epidemiology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary , Sensitivity and Specificity , Antibodies
8.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 10(4): 491-497, Oct.-Dec. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-662476

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the process of implementing a quality management system in a basic research laboratory of a public institution, particularly considering the feasibility and impacts of this improvement. METHODS: This was a prospective and qualitative study. We employed the norm "NIT DICLA 035 - Princípios das Boas Práticas de Laboratório (BPL)" and auxiliary documents of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development to complement the planning and implementation of a Quality System, in a basic research laboratory. In parallel, we used the PDCA tool to define the goals of each phase of the implementation process. RESULTS: This study enabled the laboratory to comply with the NIT DICLA 035 norm and to implement this norm during execution of a research study. Accordingly, documents were prepared and routines were established such as the registration of non-conformities, traceability of research data and equipment calibration. CONCLUSION: The implementation of a quality system, the setting of a laboratory focused on basic research is feasible once certain structural changes are made. Importantly, impacts were noticed during the process, which could be related to several improvements in the laboratory routine.


OBJETIVO: Avaliar o processo de implantação de um sistema de qualidade em um laboratório de pesquisa básica, avaliando a viabilidade e os impactos dessa melhoria. MÉTODOS: Tratou-se de um estudo qualitativo prospectivo. Utilizou-se a norma NIT DICLA 035 - Princípios das Boas Práticas de Laboratório (BPL) e documentos da Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development para complementar o planejamento e a implantação de um Sistema de Gestão da Qualidade, em um laboratório de pesquisa básica. Em paralelo, utilizou-se a ferramenta PDCA para definir os objetivos de cada etapa de implantação do sistema de qualidade. RESULTADOS: Este trabalho possibilitou ao laboratório atender requisitos solicitados pela norma NT DICLA 035 e implementá-los durante a execução de um projeto, dentre eles a elaboração de documentos, bem como estabelecer rotinas importantes para o andamento do mesmo, como a identificação de não conformidades, rastreabilidade de dados e calibração de equipamentos. CONCLUSÃO: A implantação do Sistema da Qualidade BPL, nesse cenário, é viável, gerando impactos positivos na rotina do laboratório.


Subject(s)
Humans , Biomedical Research/organization & administration , Laboratories/standards , Program Development/standards , Program Evaluation/standards , Quality Improvement/organization & administration , Biomedical Research/trends , Organizational Case Studies , Prospective Studies , Quality Control , Quality Improvement/trends , Research Design , Surveys and Questionnaires
9.
Einstein (Sao Paulo) ; 10(4): 491-7, 2012.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23386091

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the process of implementing a quality management system in a basic research laboratory of a public institution, particularly considering the feasibility and impacts of this improvement. METHODS: This was a prospective and qualitative study. We employed the norm "NIT DICLA 035--Princípios das Boas Práticas de Laboratório (BPL)" and auxiliary documents of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development to complement the planning and implementation of a Quality System, in a basic research laboratory. In parallel, we used the PDCA tool to define the goals of each phase of the implementation process. RESULTS: This study enabled the laboratory to comply with the NIT DICLA 035 norm and to implement this norm during execution of a research study. Accordingly, documents were prepared and routines were established such as the registration of non-conformities, traceability of research data and equipment calibration. CONCLUSION: The implementation of a quality system, the setting of a laboratory focused on basic research is feasible once certain structural changes are made. Importantly, impacts were noticed during the process, which could be related to several improvements in the laboratory routine.


Subject(s)
Biomedical Research/organization & administration , Laboratories/standards , Program Development/standards , Program Evaluation/standards , Quality Improvement/organization & administration , Biomedical Research/trends , Humans , Organizational Case Studies , Prospective Studies , Quality Control , Quality Improvement/trends , Research Design , Surveys and Questionnaires
10.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 44(6): 712-721, Nov.-Dec. 2011. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-611772

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Infection with Leishmania chagasi is the most common clinical presentation for visceral leishmaniaisis in endemic areas. The municipality of Raposa is an endemic area in State of Maranhão, Brazil, and have had registration cases of visceral leishmaniasis disease. For this reason, a cross- sectional study was conducted to evaluate the risk factors for infection with L. chagasi detected by Montenegro skin test. METHODS: The sample comprised 96 percent of the inhabitants of the villages of Maresia, Pantoja, and Marisol located in the municipality of Raposa, corresponding to 1,359 subjects. Data were collected using a questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were applied to evaluate the association between the variables studied and infection of L. chagasi. RESULTS: The variables associated with infection upon nonadjusted analysis were a straw roof, mud walls, floors of beaten earth, presence of sand flies inside or outside of the dwelling, and bathing outdoors. Adjusted analysis showed that the presence of sand flies inside/outside the dwelling was a risk factor, and age younger than 10 years was a protective factor against asymptomatic infection. CONCLUSIONS: The results highlight the extent to which precarious living conditions of the population strengthen the epidemiological chain of visceral leishmaniasis.


INTRODUÇÃO: A infecção por Leishmania chagasi é a apresentação clínica mais comum de laishmaniose visceral em áreas endêmicas. O município de Raposa é área endêmica no Estado do Maranhão, tendo registrado casos da doença. Por isso, realizou-se um estudo transversal, com o objetivo de estudar os fatores de risco para infecção por L. chagasi detectada pelo teste intradérmico de Montenegro. MÉTODOS: O estudo envolveu 96 por cento dos moradores das localidades de Maresia, Pantoja e Marisol do município da Raposa, totalizando 1.359 indivíduos. O levantamento dos dados foi realizado utilizando um questionário. Para verificar a associação entre as variáveis estudadas e a infecção por L. chagasi, foram utilizados os modelos de regressão logística uni e multivariada. RESULTADOS: Na análise não ajustada, as variáveis associadas à infecção foram: cobertura da casa de palha, paredes de taipa, piso de chão batido, a presença de flebotomíneos dentro ou fora do domicílio e o local do banho fora de casa. Na análise ajustada, a presença de flebotomíneos dentro ou fora do domicílio foi considerada fator de risco e a idade menor que 10 anos revelou-se como fator de proteção para a infecção assintomática. CONCLUSÕES: Evidenciou-se também, o quanto a precariedade das condições de vida da população contribui para o fortalecimento da cadeia epidemiológica da doença.


Subject(s)
Animals , Child , Child, Preschool , Dogs , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Endemic Diseases , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Chickens , Cross-Sectional Studies , Intradermal Tests , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/diagnosis , Risk Factors , Urban Population
11.
Rev Soc Bras Med Trop ; 44(6): 712-21, 2011.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22094705

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Infection with Leishmania chagasi is the most common clinical presentation for visceral leishmaniaisis in endemic areas. The municipality of Raposa is an endemic area in State of Maranhão, Brazil, and have had registration cases of visceral leishmaniasis disease. For this reason, a cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the risk factors for infection with L. chagasi detected by Montenegro skin test. METHODS: The sample comprised 96% of the inhabitants of the villages of Maresia, Pantoja, and Marisol located in the municipality of Raposa, corresponding to 1,359 subjects. Data were collected using a questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were applied to evaluate the association between the variables studied and infection of L. chagasi. RESULTS: The variables associated with infection upon nonadjusted analysis were a straw roof, mud walls, floors of beaten earth, presence of sand flies inside or outside of the dwelling, and bathing outdoors. Adjusted analysis showed that the presence of sand flies inside/outside the dwelling was a risk factor, and age younger than 10 years was a protective factor against asymptomatic infection. CONCLUSIONS: The results highlight the extent to which precarious living conditions of the population strengthen the epidemiological chain of visceral leishmaniasis.


Subject(s)
Endemic Diseases , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/epidemiology , Animals , Brazil/epidemiology , Chickens , Child , Child, Preschool , Cross-Sectional Studies , Dogs , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Intradermal Tests , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/diagnosis , Male , Risk Factors , Urban Population
12.
Cad. saúde pública ; 26(12): 2409-2413, dez. 2010. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-571493

ABSTRACT

The main purpose of this study was to investigate natural infection by Leishmania chagasi in female sand flies in a visceral leishmaniasis (VL) focus on São Luís Island, Maranhão State, Brazil. Molecular analysis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was applied to determine the rate of natural infection of Lutzomyia longipalpis by L. chagasi in areas of old and recent human settlement on São Luís Island. Based on a sample of 800 female specimens captured from March to August 2005, the natural infection rate was 1.25 percent in an area of old settlement and 0.25 percent in two recently settled areas. Infection of L. longipalpis was detected in both areas, regardless of the number of reported human VL cases, indicating that other factors modulating infection in the wild need to be investigated. The results confirm PCR as a specific technique and an important tool for epidemiological surveillance.


O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a infecção natural por Leishmania chagasi em flebotomíneos capturados em focos de leishmanioses visceral (LV) na ilha de São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil. Análise molecular por reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) foi aplicada para determinar a taxa de infecção natural de Lutzomyia longipalpis por L. chagasi em áreas de ocupação humana antiga e recente, na ilha de São Luís. Valendo-se de uma amostra de 800 fêmeas coletadas no período de março a agosto de 2005, foi possível determinar taxas de infecção natural equivalentes a 1,25 por cento em uma localidade de colonização antiga e 0,25 por cento em duas localidades de colonização recente. A infecção foi detectada nas duas localidades independentemente do número de casos humanos de LV notificados, o que demonstra que outros elementos que modulam a infecção no meio natural precisam ser investigados. Os resultados obtidos confirmam a PCR como técnica específica e importante ferramenta para as ações em vigilância epidemiológica.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Insect Vectors , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/transmission , Psychodidae , Brazil , Insect Vectors , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Population Density , Psychodidae , Rural Population , Urban Population
13.
Cad Saude Publica ; 26(12): 2409-13, 2010 Dec.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21243235

ABSTRACT

The main purpose of this study was to investigate natural infection by Leishmania chagasi in female sand flies in a visceral leishmaniasis (VL) focus on São Luís Island, Maranhão State, Brazil. Molecular analysis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was applied to determine the rate of natural infection of Lutzomyia longipalpis by L. chagasi in areas of old and recent human settlement on São Luís Island. Based on a sample of 800 female specimens captured from March to August 2005, the natural infection rate was 1.25% in an area of old settlement and 0.25% in two recently settled areas. Infection of L. longipalpis was detected in both areas, regardless of the number of reported human VL cases, indicating that other factors modulating infection in the wild need to be investigated. The results confirm PCR as a specific technique and an important tool for epidemiological surveillance.


Subject(s)
Insect Vectors/genetics , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/transmission , Psychodidae/genetics , Animals , Brazil , Female , Insect Vectors/parasitology , Male , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Population Density , Psychodidae/parasitology , Rural Population , Urban Population
14.
Dermatol Online J ; 14(12): 15, 2008 Dec 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19265628

ABSTRACT

We report the case of a 78-year-old male Brazilian farmer, who presented with an extensive ulcer on the right foot that had an erythematous and raised border. This ulcer involved most of the right plantar region and had persisted for more than 40 years. Satellite erythematous papules and tumor-like growths were also seen on the right ankle. Extracutaneous involvement was not found. Light microscopy showed epithelial hyperplasia and diffuse histiocyte infiltration with intense plasmocytosis. Cultures for fungi and Leishmania were negative. The polymerase chain reaction with specific primers for Leishmania was performed using DNA extracted from the lesions; it showed an amplification of 120 pB. The patient had an excellent response after two 20-day cycles of intra-venous N-methylglucamine antimonate (15 mg/Kg/day). Leishmaniasis should be highly considered in the differential diagnosis of chronic ulcers in endemic areas.


Subject(s)
Foot , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/pathology , Aged , Animals , Antiprotozoal Agents/administration & dosage , DNA, Protozoan , Drug Administration Schedule , Gene Amplification , Humans , Injections, Intravenous , Leishmania/genetics , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/drug therapy , Male , Medical Records , Meglumine/administration & dosage , Meglumine Antimoniate , Organometallic Compounds/administration & dosage , Treatment Outcome
15.
s.l; s.n; 2008. 4 p. ilus.
Non-conventional in English | Sec. Est. Saúde SP, SESSP-ILSLPROD, Sec. Est. Saúde SP, SESSP-ILSLACERVO, Sec. Est. Saúde SP | ID: biblio-1097672

ABSTRACT

We report the case of a 78-year-old male Brazilian farmer, who presented with an extensive ulcer on the right foot that had an erythematous and raised border. This ulcer involved most of the right plantar region and had persisted for more than 40 years. Satellite erythematous papules and tumor-like growths were also seen on the right ankle. Extracutaneous involvement was not found. Light microscopy showed epithelial hyperplasia and diffuse histiocyte infiltration with intense plasmocytosis. Cultures for fungi and Leishmania were negative. The polymerase chain reaction with specific primers for Leishmania was performed using DNA extracted from the lesions; it showed an amplification of 120 pB. The patient had an excellent response after two 20-day cycles of intra-venous N-methylglucamine antimonate (15 mg/Kg/day). Leishmaniasis should be highly considered in the differential diagnosis of chronic ulcers in endemic areas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Aged , Organometallic Compounds/administration & dosage , Drug Administration Schedule , Gene Amplification , Medical Records , DNA, Protozoan , Treatment Outcome , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/pathology , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/drug therapy , Foot , Meglumine Antimoniate , Injections, Intravenous , Leishmania/genetics , Meglumine , Meglumine/administration & dosage , Antiprotozoal Agents/administration & dosage
16.
Epidemiol. serv. saúde ; 17(2): 107-116, 2008. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-488078

ABSTRACT

O teste imunocromatográfico rápido IT-LEISH® (DiaMed IT-LEISH®) foi validado para o diagnóstico da leishmaniose visceral (LV) em quatro áreas endêmicas do Brasil. O desempenho do IT-LEISH® foi comparado ao da reação de imunofluorescência indireta; e ao da reação imunoenzimática, usando-se antígeno solúvel de Leishmania chagasi e recombinante K39 (rK39). O estudo incluiu 332 pacientes com quadro clínico sugestivo de LV: 213 casos de LV confirmados parasitologicamente; e 119 não-casos, com confirmação de outra etiologia. O teste IT-LEISH® apresentou sensibilidade de 93 por cento e especificidade de 97 por cento. As técnicas RIFI (imunofluorescência indireta), ELISA L. chagasi e ELISA rK39 apresentaram sensibilidade de 88 por cento, 92 por cento e 97 por cento e especificidades de 81 por cento, 77 por cento e 84 por cento, respectivamente. Os resultados confirmam a validade do teste IT-LEISH® para o diagnóstico da LV no Brasil...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Clinical Laboratory Techniques , Leishmania infantum , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/diagnosis
17.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; set. 2005. 78 p. ilus, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-442783

ABSTRACT

Este estudo teve como objetivo entender a interação entre a Leishmania (V.) braziliensis e seu vetor Lutzomyia (N.) intermedia, ambos provenientes de uma área endêmica para Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana (LTA), e também analisar a influência da alimentação e realimentação com sangue de animais domésticos. Flebotomíneos foram capturados e submetidos à infecção artificial com amastigotas de L. braziliensis e demonstrou-se o padrão de desenvolvimento do parasito em L. intermedia. Após cada alimentação artificial, os intestinos médios dos insetos foram analisados para observar a presença, localização, morfologia e densidade dos parasitos. Numa primeira etapa, flebotomíneos foram submetidos a uma alimentação com sangue de camundongo e amastigotas de L. braziliensis. Após diferentes dias de infecção, o intestino médio de cada flebotomíneo foi dissecado e observou-se que houve uma queda da infecção de 86,5 (por cento) no 1º dia para 42,9 (por cento) no 10º dia após alimentação sangüínea. Na etapa seguinte, foram feitas infecções usando sangue de diferentes animais (homem, boi, carneiro, porco, galinha, camundongo, cão, jegue e cavalo) Observou-se que no 5º dia 100 (por cento) dos flebotomíneos submetidos a alimentação com sangue de boi estavam infectados. Porém, quando utilizamos sangue de jegue, este número caiu para 33,3 (por cento). Na última etapa, foram feitas alimentações infectivas seguidas de realimentações para observar a influência do segundo repasto sanguíneo no desenvolvimento da L. braziliensis no vetor. Primeiramente, os flebotomíneos foram alimentados com sangue de camundongo e amastigotas e, em seguida, realimentados no 4º dia com sangue de diferentes animais domésticos saudáveis. O intestino médio de cada flebotomíneo foi dissecado no 7º dia e observou-se um aumento no número de parasitos dentro flebotomíneo. Quanto à posição ocupada pelos parasitos dentro de seu vetor, foi constatada a preferência da L. braziliensis pela região pilórica em todos...


Subject(s)
Leishmania braziliensis , Psychodidae , Phlebotomus
18.
Salvador; s.n; 1988. 123 p. ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-493549

ABSTRACT

No presente estudo foram isoladas, e caracterizadas, 114 cepas de Leishmania de pacientes com diferentes manifestações clínicas de leishmaniose, de diferentes regiões do Estado da Bahia. Todas as cepas foram classificadas em 3 sub-espécies: Leishmania donovani (chagasi) (n=35), Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis (n=39) e Leishmania mexicana amazonensis (n=40). Em alguns municípios foram isolados parasitas pertencentes a diferentes sub-espécies, porém não foi isolado mais de um tipo de parasita do mesmo paciente. Todas as cepas foram tipadas com painéis de anticorpos monoclonais, específicos para diversas espécies e sub-espécies de Leishmania, das Américas e do Velho Mundo. As determinações do zimodema e do esquizodema confirmaram, em todos os casos nos quais foram realizados, a tipagem obtida com o painel de anticorpos monoclonais. Os parasitas da mesma sub-espécie, a despeito da região de isolamento, foram homogêneos tanto no padrão de reatividade com os anticorpos monoclonais (determinação do serodema), quanto nas isoenzimas (zimodema) ou no perfil dos fragmentos de restrição do DNA cinetoplastico (esquizodema). Na amazônia a L. m. amazonensis é considerada um parasita de roedores, o qual somente de forma ocasional infecta o homem. Nossos dados mostram uma alta percentagem de casos humano nos quais foi isolada a L. m. amazonensis; e que este parasita está associado a diferentes formas clínicas da doença, incluindo a forma cutânea (n=20), mucocutânea (n=5), e mesmo as formas visceral (n=11) e a leishmaniose dérmica pós-calazar (n=4). O principal agente da leishmaniose visceral foi a L. donovani (chagasi), isolada de 35 dos 46 casos analisados. Não houve qualquer distinção aparente entre os quadros clínicos de leishmanisoe visceral causada pela L. donovani (chagasi) ou pela L. m. amazonensis. A L. b. brazilensis foi isolada de 29 casos de leishmaniose cutânea e 8 casos de leishmaniose cutâneo-mucosa. Esta sub-espécie foi também isolada de 2 linfonodos aumentados de volume, em dois pacientes sem qualquer envolvimento tegumentar ou manifestação de leishmaniose visceral. A leishmaniose muco-cutânea causadas pela L. b. braziliensis ou pela L. M. amazonensis foram similares clinicamente. Exceto pela observação de que nos casos com múltiplas lesões (acima de 5) o isolamento de L. M. amazonensis ocorreu com maior freqüência. Não houve qualquer diferença no padrão histo-patológico das lesões causadas pelas duas sub-espécies de parasitas. A distribuição das sub-populações linfocitárias no infiltrado inflamatório das lesões foi semelhante a despeito do tipo de parasita isolado...


Subject(s)
Humans , Antibodies, Monoclonal , Immunohistochemistry , Leishmania , Leishmaniasis, Visceral , Isoenzymes
19.
Salvador; s.n; 1988. s.p ilus, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-126285

ABSTRACT

No presente estudo foram isoladas, e caracterizadas, 114 cepas de Leishmania de pacientes com diferentes manifestaçöes clínicas de leishmaniose, de diferentes regiöes do Estado da Bahia. Todas as cepas foram classificadas em 3 sub-espécies: Leishmania donovani (chagasi) (n=35), Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis (n=39) e Leishmania mexicana amazonensis (n=40). Em alguns municípios foram isolados parasitas pertencentes a diferentes sub-espécies, porém näo foi isolado mais de um tipo de parasita do mesmo paciente. Todas as cepas foram tipadas com painéis de anticorpos monoclonais, específicos para diversas espécies e sub-espécies de Leishmania, das Américas e do Velho Mundo. As determinaçöes do zimodema e do esquizodema confirmaram, em todos os casos nos quais foram realizados, a tipagem obtida com o painel de anticorpos monoclonais. Os parasitas da mesma sub-espécie, a despeito da regiäo de isolamento, foram homogêneos tanto no padräo de reatividade com os anticorpos monoclonais (determinaçäo do serodema), quanto nas isoenzimas (zimodema) ou no perfil dos fragmentos de restriçäo do DNA cinetoplastico (esquizodema). Na amazônia a L. m. amazonensis é considerada um parasita de roedores, o qual somente de forma ocasional infecta o homem. Nossos dados mostram uma alta percentagem de casos humano nos quais foi isolada a L. m. amazonensis; e que este parasita está associado a diferentes formas clínicas da doença, incluindo a forma cutânea (n=20), mucocutânea (n=5), e mesmo as formas visceral (n=11) e a leishmaniose dérmica pós-calazar (n=4). O principal agente da leishmaniose visceral foi a L. donovani (chagasi), isolada de 35 dos 46 casos analisados. Näo houve qualquer distinçäo aparente entre os quadros clínicos de leishmanisoe visceral causada pela L. donovani (chagasi) ou pela L. m. amazonensis. A L. b. brazilensis foi isolada de 29 casos de leishmaniose cutânea e 8 casos de leishmaniose cutâneo-mucosa. Esta sub-espécie foi também isolada de 2 linfonodos aumentados de volume, em dois pacientes sem qualquer envolvimento tegumentar ou manifestaçäo de leishmaniose visceral. A leishmaniose muco-cutânea causadas pela L. b. braziliensis ou pela L. M. amazonensis foram similares clinicamente. Exceto pela observaçäo de que nos casos com múltiplas lesöes (acima de 5) o isolamento de L. M. amazonensis ocorreu com maior freqüência. Näo houve qualquer diferença no padräo histo-patológico das lesöes causadas pelas duas sub-espécies de parasitas. A distribuiçäo das sub-populaçöes linfocitárias no infiltrado inflamatório das lesöes foi semelhante a despeito do tipo de parasita isolado...


Subject(s)
Humans , Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology , Immunohistochemistry , Leishmaniasis/parasitology , Leishmania/isolation & purification , Brazil , Isoenzymes , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/epidemiology , Leishmaniasis/classification
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